现在完成时的含意：
现在完成时表示过去产生 的动作对现在酿成的影响或从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状况。
一.现在完成时的形成：
&39;t been here for a long time.文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
你已经很长期没来这儿了。文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
③一般疑难句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?
Have they finished the work yet?文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
他们已经完成这项工作了吗?文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
二.现在完成时的用法
表示产生在过去的动作对现在仍有影响
My father has gone to Shanghai. 我爸爸去上海了。文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
I have already had supper. 我已经吃过晚餐了。文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状况
He has lived here since 1970.文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
他自从1970年以来一直住 在这里。文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
My brother has been a soldier for two years.我哥哥已经从军两年了。文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
提醒：常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有alredy,yet ，just , never,ever，before , recently（近来）, since then，since,so far ,for a long time（很长一段时间), in the past/last few years 等。文章源自微观生活（93wg.com）微观生活-https://93wg.com/9151.html
have/has gone to以及have/has been to的区分：
①have/has gone to去了某地，不能与once, twice, three times等连用
②have/has been to去过某地，可以与once, twice，three times等连用
一Hello, may I speak to Tom?
一Oh, sorry! He has gone to London
噢，负疚!他去伦敦了。
Helen has been to Hong Kong.
海伦去过香港 （之前去过香港,已从香港回来) 。
I have been to Bijing twice. 我去过北京两次。
练一练：
l（ ）scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.
A. will be
B. was
C. have been
D. would be
[解析]ever snce...意为“...以.”经常使用于现在完成时。现在完成时的形成为havehast动调的过去分词，故选C。
[谜底]C
三. 现在完成时中短暂性动词怎么样以及表示一段时间的状语连用。
短暂性动词又叫终止性动词、瞬间动词或非持续性动词，只表示一时的动作,在确定句式中不能与表示持续的时间状语连用。这种动词经常使用的有go,come ,leave,find, buy, rrive,give,stop ,join, marry,die,pass away等。同窗们如果对现在完成时理解不透辟，在使历时就会呈现很多的过错。例如:“这本书我买了三个月了。”误译成“I have bought this book for three months.”。为了不这种过错，咱们在使用这种词时一定要学会并掌握下列“三个变化”。
1、谓语动词的变化： 把短暂性动词变成持续性动词。例如:
leave →have been away from
join→have been
buy→have had
die→have been dead
come→have been here
borrow→have kept
begin to work→have worked
open→have been open
get up→havebeen up
put on→haveon
come back→have been back
marry →have been married等。
例如:
①他来这里半小时了。
[误] He has come here for half an hour.
[正] He has been here for half an hour.
②他优柔寡断、默然了一会儿。
[误] He hesitated and gave no reply for a while.
[正] He heitated and remained silent for a while.
2、时间状语的变化把表时 间的状语“for...”变成“数词+时间名词ago&34;It is +时间+ since...”的句式。例如:
我爷爷已逝世十多年了。
[误] My grandpa has died for more than ten years.
[正]My grandpa has been dead for more than ten years.
[ 正] My grandpa died more than ten years ago.
[ 正]It is more than ten years since our my grandpa died.
中华人民共以及国成立多久了?七十一年了。
[误] How long was the People&39;s Republic of China was founded? It is seventy-one years since it was founded.
练一练：将以下句子译为英语。
1.我兄弟入团两年了。
①_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
②_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
③_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
④_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. 我父亲逝世已三年了。
①_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
②_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
③_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
谜底：
1. ①My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
② My brother has been a League member for two years.
③My brother joined the Youth League two years ago.
④ It is two years since my brother joined the Youth League.
2. ①My father has been dead for three years.
②My father died three years ago.
③It is three years since my father died.
四.怎么样检修终止性动词？
英语中有些动词表示的行动是不能持续的,被称为终止性动词，也叫瞬间动词或非持续性动词。这种动词不能用于”现在完成时+for引导的“时间状语“这一结构中充任非否定谓语。例如:
那老年人死了五个月了。
[误]The old man has died for five months.
[正]The old man has been dead for five months.
由于die是终止性动词，一个人从活着到死亡的变化是弹指之间就完成的，不拥有持续性，哪能持续五个月呢? 所以咱们要把die 改成持续性动词be,表示存在的状况。如果要用die来表达,咱们就得扭转时态以及句型，比如咱们可以将上例说成:
The old man died five months ago.或者:
It&39;ve got to know John for three years.
（）10. I&
（）11. Has your brother become a doctor for five years?
（）12. Has your sister worked as a nurse for two years?
谜底:1.X2. V3. X4. V5. X6. V7. X8. V9. X
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